Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev pom ntawm Lub Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob thiab EV Charger lag luam hauv Asmeskas
Thaum muaj kev sib kis tau tshwm sim rau ntau qhov kev lag luam, lub tsheb hluav taws xob thiab kev them nqi hluav taws xob tau raug zam.Txawm tias Asmeskas kev ua lag luam, uas tsis tau ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb, tab tom pib nce siab.
Hauv kev kwv yees rau Asmeskas kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 2023, US tech blog Techcrunch tau hais tias Txoj Cai Lij Choj txo qis (IRA), dhau los ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas thaum Lub Yim Hli, twb tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob, nrog cov neeg tsim tsheb ua haujlwm txav. lawv cov chains thiab factories rau Tebchaws Meskas.
Tsis tsuas yog Tesla thiab GM, tab sis kuj cov tuam txhab xws li Ford, Nissan, Rivian thiab Volkswagen, yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig.
Hauv xyoo 2022, kev muag tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tswj hwm los ntawm ntau tus qauv, xws li Tesla's Model S, Model Y thiab Model 3, Chevrolet's Bolt thiab Ford's Mustang Mach-E.2023 yuav pom ntau dua cov qauv tshiab tawm thaum cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab tuaj rau hauv kwj dej, thiab lawv yuav pheej yig dua.
McKinsey kwv yees tias cov neeg tsim tsheb ib txwm muaj thiab EV pib yuav tsim ntau li 400 tus qauv tshiab los ntawm 2023.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawb kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem them nqi, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm tias nws yuav npaj pob nyiaj $ 7.5 nphom hauv xyoo 2022 los tsim 500,000 qhov chaw them nyiaj rau pej xeem.Lub koom haum non-profit ICCT kwv yees tias los ntawm 2030, qhov kev thov rau pej xeem them chaw nres tsheb hauv Tebchaws Meskas yuav ntau dua 1 lab.
Kev lag luam tsheb fais fab loj zuj zus
Kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Hybrid Electric tsheb (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric tsheb (PHEV) thiab Roj Teeb Hluav Taws Xob (BEV), nws tseem nce ntxiv hauv qhov hnyav ntawm COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb McKinsey (Fischer li al., 2021), txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev lag luam tsheb poob qis hauv ntiaj teb, 2020 yog lub xyoo loj rau kev muag tsheb hluav taws xob, thiab los ntawm peb lub hlis twg ntawm xyoo ntawd, lub ntiaj teb kev muag tsheb hluav taws xob tau dhau los. theem ua ntej-COVID-19.
Tshwj xeeb, kev muag khoom hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj tau nce 60% thiab 80% raws li lub quarter thib plaub ntawm lub quarter dhau los, thawb lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob tsheb nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv siab ntawm 6%.Thaum Asmeskas poob qis dua lwm thaj tsam, EV kev muag khoom tau nce ze li 200% ntawm Q2 2020 thiab Q2 2021, ua rau kom ua tiav qhov kev nkag mus hauv tsev ntawm 3.6% thaum muaj kev sib kis (saib Daim duab 1).
Daim duab 1 – Qhov chaw: McKinsey txoj kev kawm (Fischer li al., 2021)
Txawm li cas los xij, saib ze dua ntawm thaj chaw ntawm EV kev sau npe thoob plaws Asmeskas qhia tau tias kev loj hlob ntawm EV kev saws me nyuam tsis tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua cheeb tsam;Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pej xeem ceev thiab muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog thiab txawv nyob rau hauv lub xeev, nrog rau qee lub xeev muaj ntau dua ntawm EV sau npe thiab kev saws me nyuam (Daim duab 2).
Ib qho piv txwv tseem nyob California.Raws li US Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center, California daim ntawv teev npe tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau nce mus rau 425,300 xyoo 2020, sawv cev txog li 42% ntawm lub teb chaws cov npe tsheb hluav taws xob.Qhov ntawd yog ntau tshaj xya npaug ntawm tus nqi sau npe hauv Florida, uas muaj qhov thib ob ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsheb fais fab.
Ob lub chaw pw hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas lub khw muag khoom them nyiaj
Dhau li ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas yog lub khw muag khoom loj thib peb hauv lub ntiaj teb.Raws li IEA cov txheeb cais, txij li xyoo 2021, muaj 2 lab lub zog tshiab tsheb hauv Asmeskas, 114,000 lub tsheb thauj neeg pej xeem (36,000 lub chaw them nyiaj), thiab pej xeem tsheb-pile piv ntawm 17: 1, nrog qeeb AC them nyiaj rau kwv yees li 81. %, me ntsis qis dua European lag luam.
US ev charger raug faib los ntawm hom ua AC them qeeb (xws li L1 - them 1 teev tsav 2-5 mais thiab L2 - them 1 teev tsav 10-20 mais), thiab DC them ceev (them 1 teev tsav 60 mais los yog ntau dua).Tam sim no, AC qeeb them L2 suav txog 80%, nrog rau tus neeg ua haujlwm loj ChargePoint pab txhawb 51.5% ntawm kev ua lag luam, thaum DC ceev them nyiaj rau 19%, coj los ntawm Tesla nrog 58% kev ua lag luam.
Source: Hua 'an Securities
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Grand View Research, Tebchaws Asmeskas lub tsheb hluav taws xob them nqi hluav taws xob kev lag luam loj yog $ 2.85 nphom hauv 2021 thiab xav tias yuav loj hlob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo (CAGR) ntawm 36.9% txij xyoo 2022 txog 2030.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob tsheb loj hauv Asmeskas.
Tesla
Lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob tsheb Tesla yog tswv thiab ua haujlwm nws tus kheej network ntawm Superchargers.Lub tuam txhab muaj 1,604 qhov chaw them nqi thiab 14,081 superchargers thoob ntiaj teb, nyob hauv cov chaw pej xeem thiab ntawm Tesla cov chaw muag khoom.Kev ua tswv cuab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj, tab sis tsuas yog txwv rau Tesla cov tsheb uas muaj cov khoom sib txuas.Tesla tuaj yeem siv SAE chargers ntawm adapters.
Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab lwm yam, tab sis feem ntau yog $ 0.28 ib kWh.Yog tias tus nqi yog raws li lub sijhawm siv, nws yog 13 xees ib feeb hauv qab 60 kWh thiab 26 xees ib feeb saum 60 kWh.
Tesla charging network feem ntau muaj ntau dua 20,000 superchargers (ceev chargers ceev).Thaum lwm lub xov tooj them nyiaj muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm Theem 1 (tshaj 8 teev kom them tag nrho), Theem 2 (tshaj 4 teev kom them tag nrho) thiab Theem 3 ceev chargers (kwv yees li 1 teev kom them tag nrho), Tesla cov txheej txheem tsim los tso cai rau cov tswv. kom tau ntawm txoj kev sai nrog luv nqi.
Tag nrho cov chaw nres tsheb Supercharger tau tso tawm rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev sib tham hauv Tesla lub nkoj taug kev hauv nkoj.Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem pom cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm txoj kev, nrog rau lawv cov nqi them ceev thiab muaj.Lub Supercharger network tso cai rau Tesla cov tswv kom tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev mus ncig ua si yam tsis muaj kev cia siab rau cov chaw them nqi thib peb.
Tsaus muag
Lub Blink network yog tus tswv los ntawm Car Charging Group, Inc, uas ua haujlwm 3,275 Theem 2 thiab Qib 3 pej xeem chargers hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Cov qauv kev pabcuam yog tias koj tsis tas yuav yog ib tus tswvcuab siv Blink charger, tab sis koj tuaj yeem txuag tau qee cov nyiaj yog tias koj koom nrog.
Tus nqi pib rau Theem 2 them yog $0.39 txog $0.79 ib KWH, lossis $0.04 txog $0.06 ib feeb.Theem 3 ceev them nqi $0.49 txog $0.69 ib KWH, lossis $6.99 txog $9.99 ib nqi.
ChargePoint
Raws li hauv California, ChargePoint yog lub chaw them nyiaj loj tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas nrog ntau dua 68,000 cov ntsiab lus them nqi, ntawm 1,500 yog Theem 3 DC them cov khoom siv.Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm ChargePoint cov chaw them nqi yog Theem 3 DC Fast Chargers.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias feem ntau cov chaw them nqi yog tsim los rau kev them nqi qeeb thaum hnub ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw lag luam uas siv Theem I thiab Level II chargers.Qhov no yog lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev nplij siab rau EV mus ncig, tab sis lawv lub network muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev mus txawv tebchaws thiab mus deb, uas ua rau nws tsis zoo li cov tswv EV yuav cia siab rau ChargePoint nkaus.
Electrify Asmeskas
Electrify America, uas yog tus tswv ntawm automaker Volkswagen, npaj yuav nruab 480 qhov chaw nres tsheb ceev ceev hauv 17 lub nroog loj hauv 42 lub xeev thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, nrog rau txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb tsis pub dhau 70 mais deb ntawm ib leeg.Kev ua tswv cuab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj, tab sis cov nyiaj cheb muaj rau koom nrog lub tuam txhab Pass + program.Tus nqi them yog xam raws li ib-feeb, nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws uas siv tau rau lub tsheb.
Piv txwv li, hauv California, tus nqi pib yog $ 0.99 ib feeb rau 350 kW muaj peev xwm, $ 0.69 rau 125 kW, $ 0.25 rau 75 kW, thiab $ 1.00 rau ib tus nqi.Tus nqi them txhua hli rau Pass + txoj kev npaj yog $ 4.00, thiab $ 0.70 ib feeb rau 350 kW, $ 0.50 ib feeb rau 125 kW, thiab $ 0.18 ib feeb rau 75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo, nyob hauv Tennessee thiab tuav ntau dua 1,200 DC Fast Chargers hauv 34 lub xeev.Tus nqi them ceev ceev sib txawv raws cheeb tsam.Piv txwv li, hauv Los Angeles cheeb tsam ntawm California, nws raug nqi $ 0.27 ib feeb rau cov neeg tsis yog tswv cuab thiab $ 0.23 ib feeb rau cov tswv cuab.Kev tso npe yuav tsum tau them tus nqi txhua hli ntawm $ 7.99, tab sis suav nrog 34 feeb ntawm kev them nyiaj ceev.Txawm li cas los xij, Theem 2 them $ 1.50 toj ib teev.Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias EVgo muaj kev pom zoo nrog Tesla rau EVgo ceev them chaw nres tsheb kom muaj rau Tesla cov tswv.
Volta
Volta, lub tuam txhab nyob hauv San Francisco uas ua haujlwm ntau dua 700 qhov chaw them nyiaj hauv 10 lub xeev, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias them nyiaj Volta yog dawb thiab tsis tas yuav muaj tswv cuab.Volta tau pab nyiaj rau kev teeb tsa Theem 2 them cov khoom nyob ze cov khw muag khoom xws li Whole Foods, Macy's thiab Saks.Thaum lub tuam txhab them nqi hluav taws xob, nws ua tau nyiaj los ntawm kev muag kev txhawb nqa kev tshaj tawm tso tawm rau ntawm cov saib uas tau teeb tsa ntawm cov nqi them.Volta lub ntsiab drawback yog tsis muaj infrastructure rau Theem 3 ceev them.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-07-2023