Lub Evolution ntawm OCPP: Choj Version 1.6 txog 2.0.1 thiab Tshaj Tawm hauv EV Charging
Table Of Contents
I.Introduction to the Open Charge Point Protocol
CovQhib Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (EVSE) thiab Cov Chaw Tswj Xyuas Chaw Tswj Xyuas (CSMS). Sau los ntawmQhib Charge Alliance (OCA)Cov txheej txheem no tau lees paub tias yog tus qauv de facto hauv kev lag luam EV (IEC 63110 precursor). Nws tshem tawm cov cuab yeej kaw-ins, kom ntseeg tau tias kho vajtse los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis sib haum xeeb nrog ntau lub tshuab backend.
Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom: Cov kab lus no hais txog cov qauv cai tau teev tseg hauv OCA Whitepapers thiab IEC / ISO specifications
1. Keeb kwm ntawm OCPP
2. OCPP version qhia
Raws li qhia hauv qab no, los ntawm OCPP1.5 mus rau qhov tseeb OCPP2.0.1
Vim tias muaj ntau cov txheej txheem ua tswv cuab hauv kev lag luam los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke kev pabcuam thiab kev ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev pabcuam sib txawv, OCA tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem qhib OCPP1.5. SOAP yog txwv los ntawm nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab nrov sai.
OCPP 1.5 sib txuas lus nrog lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm SOAP raws tu qauv raws li HTTP raws tu qauv los ua cov ntsiab lus them nqi Nws txhawb nqa cov haujlwm hauv qab no: Hauv zos thiab deb tau pib ua lag luam, suav nrog kev ntsuas kev them nqi
Lub Leap ntawm 1.6J rau 2.0.1
Thaum cov qauv ua ntej xws li OCPP 1.5 tso siab rau cov txheej txheem SOAP cumbersome,PAB 1.6Jhloov pauv kev lag luam los ntawm kev qhia JSON dhau WebSockets. Qhov no tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus puv-duplex thiab txo cov ntaub ntawv kev tsheb khiav, ua rau nws tus qauv kev lag luam tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tso tawm ntawmOCPP 2.0.1(kho cov kab ntawm 2.0) cim kev hloov pauv. Tsis zoo li 1.6J, OCPP 2.0.1 tsis rov qab sib haum xeeb vim qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv qauv tsim los txhawb cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws xob nyuaj (EMS) thiab cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg nruj.
Ⅱ.OCPP version taw qhia
Raws li qhia hauv qab no, los ntawm OCPP1.5 mus rau qhov tseeb OCPP2.0.1
Vim tias muaj ntau cov txheej txheem ua tswv cuab hauv kev lag luam los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke kev pabcuam thiab kev ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev pabcuam sib txawv, OCA tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem qhib OCPP1.5. SOAP yog txwv los ntawm nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab nrov sai.
OCPP 1.5 sib txuas lus nrog lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm SOAP raws tu qauv raws li HTTP raws tu qauv los ua cov ntsiab lus them nqi Nws txhawb nqa cov haujlwm hauv qab no: Hauv zos thiab deb tau pib ua lag luam, suav nrog kev ntsuas kev them nqi
OCPP 1.6J (JSON dhau WebSockets)
Thaum cov laus SOAP version tsis siv lawm,PAB 1.6Jtseem yog lub feem ntau dav deployed version. Nws sivJSON dhau WebSockets (WSS), uas tso cai rau tag nrho-duplex kev sib txuas lus. Tsis zoo li HTTP-raws li SOAP, WSS ua rau lub server (CSMS) pib cov lus txib (xws liRemoteStartTransaction) rau lub charger txawm tias thaum lub charger nyob tom qab NAT firewall.
OCPP 2.0 (JSON)
OCPP 2.0, tso tawm xyoo 2018, txhim kho kev ua lag luam, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, kev tswj cov cuab yeej: ntxiv cov kev them nqi ntse, rau kev tswj hwm lub zog (EMS), cov tswj hwm hauv zos, thiab rau EVs nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntse, chaw them nqi thiab kev tswj hwm chaw nres tsheb. Txhawb nqaTS EN ISO 15118: Plug thiab Play thiab Smart Charging yuav tsum muaj rau lub tsheb fais fab.
OCPP 2.0.1 (JSON)
OCPP 2.0.1 yog qhov tseeb version, tso tawm xyoo 2020. Nws muab cov yam ntxwv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho xws li kev txhawb nqa ISO15118 (Plug thiab Ua Si), txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.
OCPP Version Compatibility
OCPP1.x yog sib xws nrog qis versions, OCPP1.6 yog sib xws nrog OCPP1.5, OCPP1.5 yog sib xws nrog OCPP1.2.
OCPP2.0.1 tsis sib xws nrog OCPP1.6, OCPP2.0.1 txawm hais tias qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm OCPP1.6 kuj muaj, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv thav duab tau txawv kiag li ntawm qhov xa tawm.
OCPP 2.0.1 raws tu qauv
1, Qhov sib txawv ntawm OCPP 2.0.1 thiab OCPP 1.6
Piv nrog rau yav dhau los versions xws li OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0. 1 muaj kev txhim kho loj hauv cov hauv qab no:
a. Txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg
OCPP 2.0.1: Kev Ruaj Ntseg & Kev Tswj Xyuas Ntaus Khoom Siv
OCPP 2.0.1 tsis rov qab sib haum nrog 1.6J vim muaj kev rov ua tiav ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv. Nws qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev qhia txog peb qhov yuav tsum tau uaKev ruaj ntseg Profiles:
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Kev ruaj ntseg Profile 1:TLS nrog Basic Authentication (Password).
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Kev ruaj ntseg Profile 2:TLS nrog Client-side Certificate (kev ruaj ntseg dua).
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Kev ruaj ntseg Profile 3:TLS nrog Client-side Certificate thiab Hardware Security Module (HSM) txhawb nqa.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws hloov qhov txwvLub plawv dhiamechanism nrog kev qhiaNtaus qauv. Qhov no siv tus txheej txheemCheebtsamthiabHloov pauvqauv los saib xyuas txhua yam ntawm kiv cua ceev mus rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, loj heev txhim kho tej thaj chaw deb diagnostics.
b.Ntxiv cov yam ntxwv tshiab
OCPP2.0.1 ntxiv ntau yam tshiab, suav nrog kev tswj xyuas kev them nyiaj ntse, thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog kev txhaum thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
c. Tsim kom yooj yim dua
OCPP2.0.1 tau tsim los kom hloov tau yooj yim dua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv ntau thiab ntau hom kev siv.
d. Code Simplification
OCPP2.0.1 ua kom yooj yim cov cai, ua kom yooj yim rau kev siv cov software.
OCPP2.0.1 firmware hloov tshiab ntxiv kos npe digital, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev rub tawm firmware tsis tiav, ua rau firmware hloov tshiab tsis ua haujlwm.
Hauv kev siv tswv yim, OCPP2.0.1 raws tu qauv tuaj yeem siv los paub txog kev tswj cov chaw taws teeb ntawm cov pawg them nyiaj, kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm kev them nyiaj, kev lees paub tus neeg siv thiab lwm yam haujlwm, uas zoo heev txhim kho kev siv cov khoom siv them nqi, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb.OCPP2.0.1 cov ntsiab lus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li 1.6 version ntawm ntau, kev txhim kho ntawm qhov nyuaj kuj tau nce ntxiv.
2, OCPP2.0.1 ua haujlwm qhia
OCPP 2.0.1 raws tu qauv yog qhov tseeb version ntawm OCPP raws tu qauv. Piv nrog OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 raws tu qauv tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho thiab kev ua kom zoo. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:
•Kev xa xov:OCP 2.0.1 ntxiv cov lus tshiab thiab hloov kho cov lus qub los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
• Daim ntawv pov thawj Digital:Hauv OCPP 2.0.1, digital daim ntawv pov thawj-raws li kev ruaj ntseg mechanisms tau qhia los muab cov cuab yeej hardened authentication thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees. Qhov no yog qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tshaj OCPP1.6 kev ruaj ntseg mechanisms.
•Data Model:OCPP 2.0.1 hloov kho cov qauv ntaub ntawv kom suav nrog kev txhawb nqa rau cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov yam ntxwv.
•Device Management:OCPP 2.0.1 muab cov cuab yeej tswj hwm ntau dua, suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej, kev daws teeb meem, software hloov tshiab, thiab lwm yam.
• Cov qauv qauv:OCPP 2.0.1 qhia txog tus qauv hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua uas tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia ntau cov khoom siv them nyiaj thiab tshuab. Qhov no pab ua kom muaj kev tshaj lij ntxiv xws liV2G (Tsheb mus rau daim phiaj).
•Smart charging:Advanced Smart Charging & ISO 15118 Kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov sib txawv ntawm 1.6 thiab 2.0.1 hauv kev them nyiaj ntse yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum 1.6J tso siab rau qhov yooj yimChargingProfiles, OCPP 2.0.1 ib txwm txhawb nqaTS EN ISO 15118los ntawm ib tug pass-through mechanism.
Qhov no enablesPlug & Them (PnC): Lub EVSE ua raws li lub rooj vag, tso cai rau EV pauv daim ntawv pov thawj digital ncaj qha nrog lub backend rau kev lees paub tsis siv neeg. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj RFID cards lossis apps. Qhov no tseem lays lub hauv paus rauV2G (Tsheb-rau-Grid), tso cai rau bidirectional zog khiav tswj raws li kab sib chaws zaus thiab muaj peev xwm.
•User Identity thiab Tso Cai:OCPP2.0.1 muab kev txhim kho kev txheeb xyuas tus neeg siv thiab kev tso cai mechanisms, txhawb ntau tus neeg siv txoj kev lees paub, thiab muab cov kev xav tau siab dua rau cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv.
III. Taw qhia rau OCPP muaj nuj nqi
1. Kev them nyiaj ntse
Sab nraud Energy Management System (EMS)
OCPP 2.0.1 daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev qhia txog cov txheej txheem ceeb toom uas ceeb toom CSMS (Charging Station Management System) ntawm kev txwv sab nraud. Direct ntse charging inputs uas txhawb kev tswj lub zog (EMS) tuaj yeem daws tau ntau qhov xwm txheej:
Cov tsheb hluav taws xob txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus them nqi (los ntawm ISO 15118)
OCPP 2.0.1 txhawb ISO 15118 -hloov raws tu qauv rau EVSE-rau-EV kev sib txuas lus. ISO 15118 tus qauv plug-and-play charging thiab ntse charging (nrog rau cov khoom siv los ntawm EVs) yooj yim dua los siv siv OCPP 2.0.1. Pab kom cov chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj xa xov (los ntawm CSMS) txog cov chaw them nqi rau cov khoom siv rau EV tsav tsheb.
Smart charging siv:
(1) Load Balancer
Load Balancer feem ntau yog tsom rau kev thauj khoom sab hauv ntawm lub chaw them nyiaj. Lub chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj yuav tswj xyuas lub zog ntawm txhua qhov kev them nqi raws li kev teeb tsa ua ntej. Lub chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj yuav raug teeb tsa nrog tus nqi txwv, xws li qhov tso zis ntau tshaj tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev teeb tsa kuj suav nrog cov kev xaiv xaiv rau kev ua kom zoo dua qhov kev faib hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw them nqi rau ib tus neeg them nqi. Qhov kev teeb tsa no qhia rau lub chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj tias cov nqi them qis dua qhov kev teeb tsa no tsis raug thiab lwm cov tswv yim them nyiaj yuav tsum raug xaiv.
(2) Central ntse them nyiaj
Central smart charging xav tias kev txwv kev them nyiaj yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub hauv paus system, uas suav ib feem lossis tag nrho cov sijhawm them nyiaj tom qab tau txais daim phiaj xwm kev kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm daim phiaj, thiab lub hauv paus system yuav txwv kev them nqi ntawm cov chaw them nqi thiab teeb tsa cov nqi them los ntawm kev teb cov lus.
(3) Kev them nyiaj ntse hauv zos
Kev them nyiaj ntse hauv zos yog paub los ntawm tus tswj hwm hauv zos, uas yog sib npaug rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm OCPP raws tu qauv, lub luag haujlwm rau kev txais cov lus los ntawm lub hauv paus system thiab tswj tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm qhov chaw them nqi hauv pab pawg. Tus maub los nws tus kheej tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov chaw them nqi lossis tsis yog. Hauv hom kev txawj ntse hauv zos, tus tswj hwm hauv zos txwv lub zog ntawm lub chaw them nqi. Thaum them nyiaj, tus nqi txwv tuaj yeem hloov kho. Tus nqi txwv ntawm pawg them nyiaj tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv zos lossis los ntawm lub hauv paus system.
2. Kev Taw Qhia Txog Qhov System
systematic moj khaum
Software architecture
Cov kev ua haujlwm modules hauv OCPP2.0.1 raws tu qauv feem ntau suav nrog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hloov Mod, Kev Tso Cai Module, Kev Ruaj Ntseg Module, Kev Lag Luam Module, Meter Values module, Nqi module, Reservation module, Smart Charging module, Diagnostics module, Firmware Management module thiab Display Message module.
IV. Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm OCPP
1.Qhov zoo ntawm OCPP
OCPP yog cov txheej txheem pub dawb thiab qhib, thiab tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no, thiab tau nrov thiab siv ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, kev sib txuas lus yav tom ntej ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj cov kev pabcuam yuav muaj lus sib txuas lus.
Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm OCPP, txhua lub chaw tsim khoom xa khoom tau tsim nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem rau kev sib txuas rov qab, yog li xauv cov neeg xa xov tooj them rau ib qho chaw tsim khoom xa khoom. Tam sim no, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom siv kho vajtse txhawb nqa OCPP, them tus neeg xa xov tooj yog pub dawb los xaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm ib tus neeg muag khoom, ua rau kev lag luam muaj kev sib tw.
Tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov tswv tsev / cov tswv lag luam; Thaum lawv yuav lub chaw them nyiaj uas tsis yog OCPP lossis daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov uas tsis yog-OCPP CPO, lawv raug kaw rau hauv ib qho chaw them nqi tshwj xeeb thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj them nyiaj. Tab sis nrog OCPP-raws li kev them nyiaj kho vajtse, cov tswv tsev tuaj yeem nyob ywj pheej ntawm lawv cov chaw muab kev pabcuam. Cov tswv muaj pub dawb xaiv qhov sib tw ntau dua, tus nqi zoo dua, lossis ua haujlwm zoo dua CPO. Tsis tas li, lawv tuaj yeem nthuav lawv lub network los ntawm kev sib xyaw sib txawv them nyiaj tom qab kho vajtse yam tsis tas yuav rhuav tshem cov kev teeb tsa uas twb muaj lawm.
Tau kawg, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm EVs yog tias cov neeg tsav tsheb EV tsis tas yuav cia siab rau ib tus neeg siv khoom xa khoom lossis tus xa khoom EV. Raws li kev yuav OCPP cov chaw them nyiaj, EV tsav tsheb tuaj yeem hloov mus rau CPOs / EMPs zoo dua. thib ob, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb heev yog lub peev xwm siv e-mobility roaming.
2.OCPP nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb them
(1) OCPP pab EVSE thiab CSMS sib txuas lus
(2) Kev tso cai ntawm cov neeg siv tsheb fais fab kom pib them
(3) Kev hloov kho tej thaj chaw deb ntawm kev them nqi teeb tsa, cov chaw taws teeb tswj kev them nyiaj (pib / nres), chaw taws teeb qhib phom (connector ID)
(4) Cov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm lub chaw them nyiaj (muaj, nres, raug tshem tawm, tsis raug tso cai EV / EVSE), cov ntaub ntawv them nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm, kev siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag, lub sijhawm EVSE tsis ua haujlwm
(5) Smart charging (txo cov kab sib chaws load)
(6) Firmware Management (OTAA)
Ⅴ.Ua pov thawj pom tseeb & Kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom
Kev ua raws li OCPP 2.0.1 yuav tsum muaj kev siv tau zoo. NtawmLinkpower, peb pab neeg R & D tau ua ntau yam kev sib koom ua haujlwm sib tw siv covOCTT (Qhib Charge Point Protocol Compliance Testing Tool)nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke hauv ntiaj teb tiag.
Test Ib puag ncig & Cov txiaj ntsig:Peb tau ua tiav validated peb EVSE firmware tiv thaiv100+ thoob ntiaj teb CSMS cov chaw muab kev pabcuam(nrog rau cov koom haum loj European thiab Asmeskas). Peb cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsom mus rau:
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TLS Handshake Stability:Ua kom muaj kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua raws li Kev Ruaj Ntseg Profile 2 & 3.
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Transaction Data Integrity:Txheeb xyuas qhov tshiab
TransactionEventKev xa xov nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis ruaj khov (Packet poob simulation).
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj no tau lees paub tias peb cov kev daws teeb meem OCPP 2.0.1 tsis yog raws li kev xav xwb, tab sis teb-npaj rau V2G kev lag luam xa mus.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-21-2024